Review Article

Inflammatory Cytokine Signaling during Development of Pancreatic and Prostate Cancers

Figure 1

Effects of the cytokines secreted by different types of immune cells on tumor initiation, progression, and dissemination. Cytokines secreted by macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, Th17 cells, and B cells directly lead to initiation and development of pancreatic and prostate cancers. IL: interleukin; RANTES: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; TGFβ: transforming growth factor β; FGF2: fibroblast growth factor 2; EMT: epithelial mesenchymal transition.