The Role of Costimulation Blockade in Solid Organ and Islet Xenotransplantation

Table 3

Selected studies using anti-CD40mAb in pig-to-nonhuman primate xenotransplantation.

First author (year)	Donor pig	Recipient NHP	Immunosuppressive regimen	Longest survival (days)
Heart xenotransplantation, heterotopic
Iwase (2015) [96]	GTKO.CD46.TBM	Baboon	ATG, belatacept, anti-CD40mAb, tacrolimus, MMF, CS	130
Mohiuddin (2016) [78]	GTKO.CD46.TBM	Baboon	ATG, anti-CD20mAb, anti-CD40mAb, CS	>900
Kidney xenotransplantation
Iwase (2015) [23]	GTKO.CD46.CD55 TBM.EPCR.CD39	Baboon	ATG, anti-CD20mAb, anti-CD40mAb, rapamycin, tocilizumab, etanercept	136
Liver xenotransplantation
Shah (2017) [24]	GTKO	Baboon	ATG, anti-CD40mAb, tacrolimus, CVF, CS	29
Islet xenotransplantation
Thompson (2011) [21]	WT	Rhesus	Anti-CD25mAb, anti-CD40mAb, rapamycin, belatacept	203

NHP: nonhuman primate; WT: wild-type; ATG: antithymocyte globulin; CVF: cobra venom factor; MMF: mycophenolate mofetil; mAb: monoclonal antibody; CS: corticosteroids; GTKO: α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout; TBM: thrombomodulin; EPCR: endothelial cell protein C receptor.