Rheumatoid Arthritis and miRNAs: A Critical Review through a Functional View

Table 1

Major miRNAs implicated in RA.

miRNA precursor or mature	Symbol; HGNC	Genome context^†	Gene family	miRNA site of expression (up or down) in RA		References
				Peripheral blood	Synovial tissue
let-7e	MIRLET7E	Chr 19 [+]	let-7	P, PBMCs		[22, 36]
hsa-miR-124	MIR124-1	Chr 8 [−]	miR-124		RASF	[14, 28]
hsa-miR-124a	hsa-miR-124-3p	Chr 8 [−]	miR-124		ST	[4, 28, 53, 64]
hsa-miR-125a-5p	MIR125A	Chr 19 [+]	miR-10	P, PB		[14, 22]
hsa-miR-125b	MIR125B1	Chr 11 [−]	miR-10	P, PTc		[24]
hsa-miR-125b-5p	hsa-miR-125b-5p	Chr 11 [−]	miR-10	S		[1]
hsa-miR-126	MIR126	Chr 9 [+]	miR-126	PTc	RASF	[42, 63]
hsa-miR-126-3p	hsa-miR-126-3p	Chr 9 [+]	miR-126	P, PB, S		[1, 22]
hsa-miR-128	MIR128-1	Chr 2 [+]	miR-128	PB		[22]
hsa-miR-130b-5p	MIR130	Chr 22 [+]	miR-130	P, PB
hsa-miR-132	MIR132	Chr 17 [−]	miR-132	P, PB, PBMCs
hsa-miR-133b	MIR133B	Chr 6 [+]	miR-133	P, PB
hsa-miR-138	hsa-miR-138-5p	Chr 3 [+]	miR-138		O/O	[52]
hsa-miR-140	MIR140	Chr 16 [+]	miR-140		C	[52]
hsa-miR-144	MIR144	Chr 17 [−]	miR-144	PB		[22]
hsa-miR-146a	Has-miR-146a-3p	Chr 5 [+]	miR-146	S, PBMCs, PRTc (SNP)	SFTc, SFCD14c, O/O	[2, 4, 5, 14, 15, 19, 26, 29, 30, 43, 67]
hsa-miR-146a-5p	hsa-miR-146a-5p	Chr 5 [+]	miR-146	S		[1]
hsa-miR-150	MIR150	Chr 19 [−]	miR-150	PB		[22]
hsa-miR-155	MIR155	Chr 21 [+]	miR-155	P, PBMCs, PRTc	SFCD14^∗c, RASF	[2, 4, 14, 15, 23, 31–33, 43, 44]
hsa-miR-15a	MIR15A	Chr 13 [−]	miR-15		RASF	[51]
hsa-miR-16	MIR16-1	Chr 13 [−]	miR-15	PB, PBMCs, S		[8, 14, 25, 54]
hsa-miR-16-5p	hsa-miR-16-5p	Chr 13 [−]	miR-15	S		[1]
hsa-miR-18a	MIR18A	Chr 13 [+]	miR-17		RASF	[14]
hsa-miR-18b	MIR18B	Chr X [−]	miR-17	P, PB		[22]
hsa-miR-188-5p	hsa-miR-188-5p	Chr X [+]	miR-188		RASF	[55]
hsa-miR-193b	MIR193B	Chr 16 [+]	miR-193	PB		[22]
hsa-miR-196b-5p	hsa-miR-196b-5p	Chr 7 [−]	miR-196	PB		[22]
hsa-miR-19a	MIR19A	Chr 13 [+]	miR-19		RASF	[62]
hsa-miR-19b	MIR19B1	Chr 13 [+]	miR-19		RASF	[62]
hsa-miR-202	MIR202	Chr 10 [−]	miR-202	P, PB		[22]
hsa-miR-203	MIR203	Chr 14 [+]	miR-203		RASF	[4, 14, 64]
hsa-miR-204	MIR204	Chr 9 [−]	miR-204		O/O	[52]
hsa-miR-21	MIR21	Chr 17 [+]	miR-21	PBMCs, PRTc	SFTc	[8, 35, 70]
hsa-miR-211	MIR211	Chr 15 [−]	miR-204		O/O	[52]
hsa-miR-22	MIR22	Chr 17 [−]	miR-22		RASF	[8]
hsa-miR-221	MIR221	Chr X [−]	miR-221		RASF	[51, 52, 56]
hsa-miR-223	MIR223	Chr X [+]	miR-223	PB, PBMCS, PN, PTc, S	O/O	[1, 15, 25, 40, 54, 66]
hsa-miR-223-3p	hsa-miR-223-3p	Chr X [+]	miR-223	S		[1, 65]
hsa-miR-23	MIR23A	Chr 19 [−]	miR-23	S		[1]
hsa-miR-23-3p	hsa-miR-23a-3p	Chr 19 [−]	miR-23	S
hsa-miR-23b	MIR23B	Chr 9 [+]	miR-23		SFTc, C	[8, 14]
hsa-miR-24	MIR24-1	Chr 9 [+]	miR-24	PB		[8, 14]
hsa-miR-26a	MIR26A1	Chr 3 [+]	miR-26	PB		[8]
hsa-miR-28-3p	hsa-miR-28-3p	Chr 3 [+]	miR-28	PB		[22]
hsa-miR-28-5p	hsa-miR-28-5p	Chr 3 [+]	miR-28	PB
hsa-miR-30a	MIR30A	Chr 6 [−]	miR-30		ST, O/O	[8, 14]
hsa-miR-30c	MIR30C1	Chr 1 [+]	miR-30	PB		[22]
hsa-miR-30c-3p	hsa-miR-30c-1-3p	Chr 1 [+]	miR-30	PB
hsa-miR-31	MIR31	Chr 9 [−]	miR-31		O/O	[52]
hsa-miR-320	MIR320A	Chr 8 [−]	miR-320		O/O
hsa-miR-323	MIR323	Chr 14 [+]	miR-154		RASF, C	[22]
hsa-miR-323-3p	hsa-miR-323a-3p	Chr 14 [+]	miR-154	PB	C	[14, 52, 57]
hsa-miR-335	MIR335	Chr 7 [+]	miR-335		O/O	[52]
hsa-miR-346	MIR346	Chr 10 [−]	miR-34		RASF	[4, 14]
hsa-miR-34a	MIR34A	Chr 1 [−]	miR-34		RASF	[14]
hsa-miR-374b	MIR374B	Chr X [−]	miR-374	PB		[22]
hsa-miR-451	MIR451	Chr 17 [−]	miR-451	PN, PTc	SFCD14^∗c	[8, 14]
hsa-miR-452	MIR452	Chr X [−]	miR-452	PB		[22]
hsa-miR-486-3p	hsa-miR-486-3p	Chr 8 [−]	miR-486	PB		[22]
hsa-miR-499	MIR499	Chr 20 [+]	miR-499	PB (SNP)		[26, 27, 30]
hsa-miR-518d-5p	hsa-miR-518d-5p	Chr 19 [+]	miR-515	PB		[22]
hsa-miR-579	MIR579	Chr 5 [−]	miR-548	PB		[22]
hsa-miR-885-5p	hsa-miR-885-5p	Chr 3 [−]	miR-885	PB		[22]

^†[+] or [−] refers to sense or antisense DNA chain, respectively. HGNC: HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee; PB: peripheral blood; P: plasma; S: serum; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PTc (CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and NKTs): peripheral T cells; PRTc (Tregs): peripheral regulatory T cells; ST: synovial tissue; SFTc: synovial fluid T cells; SFCD14^∗c: synovial fluid CD14⁺ T cells; DCs: dendritic cells; RASF: rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast; C: chondrocytes; O/O: osteoblasts and osteoclasts; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism; NA: not available.