Cancer Immunotherapy: Priming the Host Immune Response with Live Attenuated Salmonella enterica

Table 2

Salmonella enterica as delivery system of TAA/TSA and immunomodulatory molecules.

Species	Mutations	Heterologous molecule	Tumor-bearing mice	Antitumoral response	Reference
Tumor-associated antigens or tumor-specific antigens (TAA/TSA)
Salmonella Typhimurium	aroA	Antigen PSA	Prostate cancer	Cytotoxic CD8^+ T-cell	[104]
	aroA	L1HPV16	Cervical cancer	IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion	[111]
	aroA, sptP	Antigen p60217–225	Fibrosarcoma	Effector and memory CD8^+ T-cells	[106, 107]
		VEGFR-2	Melanoma	Specific CD8 T-cell	[109]
	aroA, hisG46	C-Raf	Lung adenoma	Humoral and T-cell responses	[105]
	aroA, aroD	SipB160-HPV16E7	Cervical cancer	Humoral response	[110]
Salmonella Typhimurium	phoP, phoQ	NY-ESO-1	Sarcoma	NY-ESO-1-specific CD8^+ T-cell response	[108]
Salmonella Typhimurium	dam, aroA	MTDH/AEG1-1	Breast cancer and metastasis	CD8^+ T-cell response	[112]
Immunomodulatory and apoptosis inductor molecules
Salmonella Typhimurium	purl, msbB	CCL21	Colon and breast cancer	CD4^+ and CD8^+ T-cell response	[33]
		LIGHT	Colon and breast cancer	Infiltration of inflammatory cells	[114]
		IL-18	Colon and breast cancer	CD4^+ T-cell response and NK cells	[115]
		FasL	Colon and breast cancer	Accumulation of neutrophils	[119]
Salmonella Typhimurium	cya, crp, asd	IL-2	Osteosarcoma and metastasis	NK cells	[116, 117]
Salmonella Typhimurium	aroA	IL-4 and IL-18	Melanoma	Increase levels of IFN-γ	[118]
	aroA, hisG46	TRAIL	Gastric cancer	Increase levels of caspases 3 and 9	[121]
	aroA, aroD	TNFα	Melanoma	NK cells	[120]
Clinical Trial Phase l
Salmonella Typhi	galE	VEGFR-2	Pancreatic cancer	T-cell response	[127, 128]

CCL21: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21; C-Raf1: serine-threonine kinases of the Raf family; FasL: Fas ligand; IL-2: interleukin-2; IL-4: interleukin-4; IL-18: interleukin-18; LIGHT: a member of TNF cytokine family; L1HPV16: capsid protein L1HPV16; MTDH: metadherin; NY-ESO-1: testis antigen; PSA: prostate-specific antigen; HPV16E7: human papillomavirus protein E7; TRAIL: TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; VEGFR-2: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2; NK: natural killer; IFN-γ: interferon γ.