|
| Effecter | Methods | Outcomes | Ref. |
|
Cardiovascular development | MST1/2 | Cardiac-specific knockout of MST1/2 | Enlarged hearts; without alteration of cell size | [15] |
LATS2 | Cardiac-specific knockout of LATS2 | Enlarged hearts; without alteration of cell size | [15] |
SAV1 | Cardiac-specific knockout of SAV1 | Enlarged ventricular chambers; thickened ventricular walls; without alteration of cell size | [15] |
YAP | Deplete YAP with Nkx2.5-Cre | Reduced cardiomyocyte proliferative ability; embryonic death at embryonic stage 10.5 | [14] |
Overexpress YAP with adenovirus | Cardiomyocytes number increased significantly in newborn mice | [14] |
Cardiac/vascular smooth muscle cell-specific ablation of YAP | Vascular malformations like ventricular septal defect etc.; might result in perinatal fatality | [16] |
Epicardial-specific deletion of YAP/TAZ with Sema3dGFPCre+/− | Attenuated differentiation of the epicardial cell into coronary endothelial cells; embryonic death between E11.5 and E12.5 | [17] |
|
Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis | RASSF1A | Generated RASSF1A transgenic (TG)/(L308P) RASSF1A TG mice with adenoviral system; subjected them to pressure overload | Increased MST1 phosphorylation; promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis; reduced the proliferation ability of fibroblast and cardiac hypertrophy | [19] |
MST1 | Upregulation of MST1 | Enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis | [18] |
MST2 | MST2 knockout | Attenuated cardiac hypertrophy | [20] |
MST2 overexpression | Increased cardiac hypertrophy | [20] |
LATS1 | Mutation of LATS1 using siRNA | Encouraged cardiac hypertrophy | [22] |
LATS2 | Transduced Ad-LATS2 or Ad-LacZ into cultured myocytes; generated LATS2 and DN-LATS2 TG mice using the α-myosin heavy chain promoter | Dose dependently increased apoptosis and reduced cardiac myocyte size in vitro; negatively regulated ventricular chamber size in vivo | [21] |
|
Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis | YAP | Cardiac-specific activation of YAP using adenoassociated virus subtype 9 (AAV9) after MI | Improved cardiac function without causing hypertrophy; enhanced survival | [24] |
Cardiac-specific inactivation of YAP1 using α-MHC Cre recombinase transgenic mice; transduced cardiomyocytes with YAP1 or LacZ adenovirus | Caused increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in YAP(−/−) at baseline; YAP expression induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy | [25] |
|
Angiogenesis | LATS1/2 | Coinjection of mRNAs encoding Angiomotin p130 and mRNAs encoding LATS2 | Induced angiogenesis defects in zebrafish embryos | [30] |
YAP | Knock-down of YAP by siRNA | Significantly reduced the tube formation or sprouting ability of endothelial cells | [28] |
Upregulation of YAP | Induce robust angiogenesis | [28] |
|
Heart regeneration | YAP | Cardiac-specific YAP knockout in MI mice | The infract area was broader and cardiomyocytes were less robust | [32] |
Cardiac-specific upregulation of YAP in MI mice with adenoassociated virus serotype 9 | Rescued the cardiomyocyte number and cardiac function | [33] |
Compared Pitx2-deficient mice and Pitx2-overexpressing mice when subjected to apex dissection | Pitx2-deficient mice fail to repair while Pitx2-overexpressing mice showed functional recovery | [35] |
|
Cardiomyocyte autophagy | MST1/2 | Inhibition of MST1 phosphorylation with Melatonin, oncostatin M etc. | Promoted cardiac function, enhanced autophagy, and weakened apoptosis | [46–50] |
Phosphorylation of LC3 by MST1/2 | Promoted the fusion step of autophagy | [51] |
NDR1 | Interact with Beclin1 | Function in the early stage of autophagy | [52] |
|