Downregulation of Interleukin- (IL-) 17 through Enhanced Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Induction by Curcumin: A Potential Mechanism of Tolerance towards Helicobacter pylori

Figure 1

Levels of IL-17 by Western blotting in total protein extracts from gastric biopsies of H. pylori-infected patients () treated with medium (untreated samples) or 200 μM curcumin for 20 hours. The loading control was represented by β-actin. Values are expressed as mean values ± SD of arbitrary units (a.u.). A Western blot panel of one representative experiment is shown (A is the untreated sample and B is the curcumin-treated sample, for each patient). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. values of 0.05 or less were regarded as statistically significant.