Description of CD8⁺ Regulatory T Lymphocytes and Their Specific Intervention in Graft-versus-Host and Infectious Diseases, Autoimmunity, and Cancer

Figure 1

CD8⁺ Treg lymphocyte. CD8⁺ Treg lymphocytes have different suppression mechanisms of cell activation and survival, using their own molecule expression: IL-2 receptor α-chain (CD25), IL-2 and IL-15 receptor β-chains (CD122), inhibitory receptor CD152 or CTLA-4, ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73 degrading ATP to ADP (CD39) and AMP to adenosine (CD73), an MHC-II-binding molecule called LAG-3 (lymphocyte activation gene-3), and the apoptosis-inducing molecule FasL. This T cell subset expresses low or absent costimulatory receptor CD28 and the IL-7 receptor α-chain (CD127), the cellular activation molecule CD45RC, and the integrin CD49d and releases cytokines as IL-10, IL-34, IL35, and IFN-γ; transcription factor FoxP3 inhibits IL-2 gene transcription. APC: antigen-presenting cell; CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4.