Description of CD8⁺ Regulatory T Lymphocytes and Their Specific Intervention in Graft-versus-Host and Infectious Diseases, Autoimmunity, and Cancer

Table 1

Phenotypes of CD8⁺ Treg lymphocyte populations and their role in different pathologies.

Pathology	Agent/condition	Phenotype of CD8^+ regulatory T lymphocytes	Exert suppressive action	Model	References
Infection	Mycobacteria	CD25^+FoxP3^+CD39^+	Inhibit Th1 lymphocyte proliferation	Human	[93, 94]
	HIV	CD28^−CD127^loCD39^+	Inhibit mononuclear cell proliferation	Human	[97]
	Epstein-Barr virus	FoxP3^+	Inhibit CD4^+ T lymphocyte proliferation and produce IL-10	Human	[98]
Autoimmune disease	EAE	CD28^−	Reduce amount of IFN-γ produced by CD4^+ T lymphocytes	Mouse	[101]
	EAE	CD122^+	Inhibit characteristic IL-7 production of inflammatory process during EAE; inhibit CD4^+ T lymphocyte proliferation	Mouse	[102]
	Multiple sclerosis	CD8^+CD28^−CD39^+CD127^−	Inhibit proliferation		[103, 104]
	SLE	FoxP3^+	Regulate by TGF-β	Human	[70]
	SLE	CD25^+FoxP3^+	Suppress production of autoantibodies	Human	[105]
	Primary biliary cirrhosis	CD28^−CD39^+CD127^−	Suppress proliferation	Human	[106]
Cancer	Colorectal cancer	CD25^+FoxP3^+	Inhibit CD4^+CD25^− T lymphocyte and Th1 cytokine production	Human	[110]
	Prostate cancer	CD25^+FoxP3^+	Inhibit naïve T lymphocyte proliferation	Human	[111]
	Inoculation with tumor cell lines	CD39^+Tim-3^+PD-1^+LAG-3^+	Exert cytotoxic activity	Mouse	[112]
GVHD	Allogeneic cells	LAG-3^+FoxP3^+CTLA-4^+	Suppress allogeneic response via CTLA-4	Human	[39]
	Allogeneic cells	CD25^+CTLA-4^+FoxP3^+	Inhibit cell proliferation and release of cytokines as IL-1α, IL-17a, IFN-γ, and TNF-α	Human	[115]
	Allogeneic cells	CD28^−	Inhibit CD4^+ T lymphocyte proliferation	Human	[10]
	Allogeneic cells	CD25^+FoxP3^+	Inhibit allogeneic response	Human	[123]
	Allogeneic cells	FoxP3^+	Inhibit CD4^+ and CD8^+ T lymphocyte proliferation and CD40, CD80, and CD86 expression in CD	Mouse	[125, 126]

GVHD: graft-versus-host disease; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.