Review Article

An Updated Review of the Molecular Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity

Table 3

Delayed-type drug hypersensitivity-related cytokines and chemokines.

PhenotypeCytokines/chemokinesSkin or blisterPlasmaPBMCReferences

DRESS/DIHSTNF-α+[160]
IFN-γ+++[270272]
IL-2+[270]
IL-4+[270]
IL-5+[270]
IL-6+[160]
IL-13+[270]
IL-15+[138]
TARC/CCL17+[273]

SJS/TENTNF-α+++[131, 138, 141143, 274, 275]
IFN-γ++[131, 142, 143, 274]
IL-2++[131, 143]
IL-5+[143]
IL-6+++[143, 153, 154, 138]
IL-8/CXCL8+[138]
IL-10+++[142, 153]
IL-12NS[142]
IL-13+[143]
IL-15NS+[142, 138]
IL-18+[142]
CCR3+[143]
CXCR3+[143]
CXCR4NS[143]
CCR10+[152]

AGEPIL-8/CXCL8+[145, 146]
IL-36+[147, 148]
GM-CSF+[145]

AGEP: acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis; CCR: C–C chemokine receptor; CXCR: CX chemokine receptor; DIHS: drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome; DRESS: drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; IL: interleukin; NS: not significant; SJS/TEN: Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α.