Review Article

Monoclonal Antibodies versus Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Combination with Bortezomib or Lenalidomide plus Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: An Indirect-Comparison Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the included studies.

Study/referencePhaseNumber of patientsTreatment regimensMedian follow-up (months)Primary endpointMedian PFS
(months)
1-year PFS rate (%)Median OS
(months)
1-year OS rate (%)

Palumbo et al. (2016)
(CASTOR)
III498E: daratumumab 16 mg/kg + bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 + dexamethasone 20 mg
C: bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 + dexamethasone 20 mg
E: 7.4
C: 7.4
PFSE: NA
C: 7.2
E: 60.7%
C: 26.9%
E: NA
C: NA
E: NA
C: NA

Dimopoulos et al. (2016)
(POLLUX)
III569E: daratumumab 16 mg/kg + lenalidomide 25 mg + dexamethasone 40 mg
C: lenalidomide 25 mg + dexamethasone 40 mg
E: 13.5
C: 13.5
PFSE: NA
C: 18.4
E: 83.2%
C: 60.1%
E: NA
C: NA
E: 92.1%
C: 86.8%

Lonial et al. (2015)
(ELOQUENT-2)
Dimopoulos et al. (2017)
(ELOQUENT-2 follow-up)
III646E: elotuzumab 10 mg/kg + lenalidomide 25 mg + dexamethasone 40 mg
C: lenalidomide 25 mg + dexamethasone 40 mg
E: 24.5
C: 24.5
PFSE: 19.4
C: 14.9
E: 1-year PFS rate 68%;
2-year PFS rate 41%
C: 1-year PFS rate 57%
2-year PFS rate 27%
E: 43.7
C: 39.6
E: 1-year OS rate 91%;
2-year OS rate 73%
C: 1-year OS rate 83%
2-year OS rate 69%

Jakubowiak et al. (2016)
(NCT01478048)
II152E: elotuzumab 10 mg/kg + bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 + dexamethasone 20 mg
C: bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 + dexamethasone 20 mg
E: 15.9
C: 11.7
PFSE: 9.7
C: 6.9
E: 1-year PFS rate 39%;
2-year PFS rate 18%
C: 1-year PFS rate 33%
2-year PFS rate 11%
E: NA
C: NA
E: 1-year OS rate 85%;
2-year OS rate 73%
C: 1-year OS rate 74%
2-year OS rate 66%

San-Miguel et al. (2014)
(PANORAMA1)
San-Miguel et al. (2016)
(PANORAMA1 follow-up)
III768E: panobinostat 20 mg + bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 + dexamethasone 20 mg
C: placebo + bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 + dexamethasone 20 mg
E: 6.47
C: 5.59
PFSE: 11.99
C: 8.08
E: 2-year PFS rate 20.6%
C: 2-year PFS rate 8.4%
E: 40.3
C: 35.8
E: NA
C: NA

Dimopoulos et al. (2013)
(VANTAGE088)
III637E: vorinostat 400 mg + bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2
C: placebo + bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2
E: 14.2
C: 14.2
PFSE: 7.63
C: 6.83
E: NA
C: NA
E: NA
C: 28.07
E: NA
C: NA

PFS: progression-free survival; OS: overall survival; E: experimental group; C: control group; NA: not available.