Naturally Derived Anti-HIV Polysaccharide Peptide (PSP) Triggers a Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Antiviral Immune Response

Figure 3

PSP upregulates antiviral chemokines. Anti-HIV chemokine expression was analyzed over a six-day period after being exposed twice with 200 μg/ml PSP. Gene expression of (a) MIP-1α, (b) MIP-1β, and (c) RANTES was determined in THP1 cells treated with or without PSP using quantitative RT-PCR. Protein concentration of (d) MIP-1α, (e) MIP-1β, (f) RANTES, and (g) SDF-1α were analyzed in THP1 cells’ supernatants treated with or without PSP using a Luminex bead array. Chemokine concentrations of (h) MIP-1α, (i) MIP-1β, (j) RANTES, and (k) SDF-1 were determined in ex vivo infected PBMCs from healthy donors treated with or without PSP by Luminex. Unpaired -test analysis was used to determine statistical significance; in THP1 and in healthy human PBMCs (, , , and ).