Naturally Derived Anti-HIV Polysaccharide Peptide (PSP) Triggers a Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Antiviral Immune Response

Figure 6

TLR4 is involved in PSP antiviral response. (a) TLR4 activation (through NFκβ activation) was determined by measuring the relative expression of the secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter. Samples were treated with TLR4 inhibitor (CLI-095) and exposed to either of the agonists (200 μg/ml PSP or 10 ng/ml LPS); control cells were untreated HIV-infected THP1. (b) HIV viral replication was measured by analyzing HIV-1 p24 concentration in THP1 cells that were TLR4-inhibited or not with CLI-095 and treated with PSP (as compared to non-TLR4-inhibited/non-PSP-treated cells). Protein concentrations of (c) MIP-1α, (d) MIP-1β, (e) RANTES, and (f) SDF-1 were determined in THP1 cell supernatants treated with or without PSP using Luminex bead array. LPS and LPS-CLI-095 were used as positive control of TLR4 inhibition. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA, (, , , and ).

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