Alda-1 Ameliorates Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Activating Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 and Enhancing Autophagy in Mice

Figure 1

Alda-1 pretreatment protects liver from IRI. (a) Representative H&E-stained images at 6 and 12 hours after reperfusion or sham operation. PT: portal triads; CV: central veins. Scale bars: 50 μm. (b) Suzuki’s scores of liver sections in (a). (c) Serum ALT/AST at 6 and 12 hours after liver IRI or sham operation (n = 5–6 per group). (d) Visible light microphotographs were taken in primary hepatocytes after HR challenge with or without Alda-1 pretreatment. Black arrows denote damaged hepatocytes. Scale bars: 25 μm. (e, f) Cell viability and cytotoxicity of primary hepatocytes after HR challenge with or without Alda-1 pretreatment were measured. Three to five independent experiments were performed. All data are shown as mean ± SEM. , .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)