Programmed Cell Death Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Figure 1

Programmed cell death pathways in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell death recognition model for the immune system: consequence of immune responses, tolerance or adaptive immune responses, are dependent on the ways of cell death. Apoptosis results in immune tolerance, while lytic cell death (such as secondary necrosis, NETosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis) contributes to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), amplification of inflammatory and immune responses, production and release of autoantigens, and tissue damage in SLE.