Sm16, A Schistosoma mansoni Immunomodulatory Protein, Fails to Elicit a Protective Immune Response and Does Not Have an Essential Role in Parasite Survival in the Definitive Host

Figure 5

Production of Sm16-specific antibodies in immunized mice. Sera from mice were obtained 15 days after each immunization dose and were assessed to determine the levels of IgG (a), IgG1 (b), and IgG2a (c) antibodies against rSm16 in mice inoculated with Freund’s adjuvant only (open circles), alum only (open squares), rSm16/Freund’s (black circles), or rSm16/alum (black squares). is presented in the graphs. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed using a correction for multiple comparison analysis. Significant differences related to the first dose are indicated by an asterisk () and to the second dose are denoted by symbol # (). Significant differences between the Freund’s only and the alum-only control groups are denoted by the letter “A” (). Significant differences between rSm16/Freund and rSm16/alum are indicated by the letter “B” ().

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(b)

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