Review Article

Alternative Methods of Vaccine Delivery: An Overview of Edible and Intradermal Vaccines

Table 2

Status of development of whole yeast-based vaccines.

PathogenAntigenYeast hostExpression systemIndicationClinical trial statusClinical trial IDRefs

HBVHBV (X/S/core)Saccharomyces cerevisiaeStableChronic HBVPhase 2NCT01943799[73]
NCT02174276
HCVHCV (NS3/core)Saccharomyces cerevisiaeStableChronic HCVPhase 2NCT00606086[74]

X: hepatitis B regulatory protein; S: hepatitis B surface antigen; NS3: hepatitis C nonstructural protein.