Regulating the Polarization of Macrophages: A Promising Approach to Vascular Dermatosis

Figure 3

Future directions of treatment for macrophage polarization-mediated dermatosis. (a) Future treatment directions in M1 polarization-mediated skin diseases (BD, SLE, and psoriasis). (b) Future treatment directions in M2 polarization-mediated skin disease (IH). ㊀ indicates “inhibition” and ↓ indicates “downregulation”. Abbreviations: JAK: Janus kinase; STAT1/3/6: signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/3/6; IRF: interferon regulatory factor; IL-10: interleukin 10; MyD88: myeloid differentiation factor 88; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; M1: classically activated macrophage; M2: alternatively activated macrophage; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; IFN-γ: interferon gamma; IL-1/1β/6/10/12/18/23/27: interleukin 1/1β/6/10/12/18/23/27; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; NO: nitric oxide; VEGF-A: vascular endothelial growth factor A; FGF-2: fibroblast growth factor 2; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; BD: Behcet’s disease; IH: infantile hemangioma.