Long-Term Immunological and Virological Outcomes in Children Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Southern Ethiopia
Table 3
Factors affecting viral load suppression and the immunological response among HIV-infected children at Hawassa University ART Clinic ().
Variables
AOR (95% CI)
value
Sex
Male
1
Female
1.901 (1.038-3.481)
0.038
Age in years
≤7
1
>7
0.466 (0.203-1.072)
0.083
Residence
Rural
4.912 (1.276-8.815)
0.032
Urban
1
HAART regimen
AZT, 3TC, EFV
1
AZT, 3TC, NVP
1.90 (1.41-2.56)
0.001
D4T, 3TC, EFV
1.87 (0.36-9.64)
0.450
D4T, 3TC, NVP
1.76 (1.349-7.9)
0.042
TDF, 3TC, EFV/NVP
1.95 (0.45-2.63)
0.146
AZT, D4T, 3TC, PI
1.90 (0.75-14.81)
0.223
ABC, 3TC, NVP/EFV/PI
1.81 (0.71–4.60)
0.286
WHO clinical stage
Stage 1
1
Stage 2
1.025 (0.273-2.814)
0.110
Stage 3
1.094 (0.402-3.165)
0.086
Stage 4
1.987 (1.852-18.128)
0.019
CD4 cell count (cells/mm3)
≤200
1.328 (1.025-18.9)
0.012
201-500
0.532 (0.189-1.244)
0.400
>500
1
Clinical outcomes
Weight for age -score
-1.2 (−2.7 to −1.5)
0.015
Height for age -score
-1.6 (−2.6 to −1.3)
0.001
Weight for height -score
-1.1 (-2.2 to -0.1)
0.060
Adherence
Good
1
Fair
0.64 (0.32–1.73)
0.251
Poor
2.051 (1.90–5.45)
0.021
Viral load
Detectable
1
Undetectable
1.44 (1.08–1.92)
0.015
Viral suppression
Suppressed
1
Not suppressed
2.01 (1.21–2.66)
0.001
ABC: abacavir; AOR: adjusted odds ratio; AZT: zidovudine; CD: cluster of differentiation; EFV: efavirenz; 3TC: lamivudine; NVP: nevirapine; TDF: tenofovir; PI: protease inhibitor; HAART: highly active antiretroviral treatment; IQR: interquartile range; Hb: hemoglobin; SD: standard deviation; WAZ: weight for age; HAZ: height for age; WHZ: weight for height.
