Induction of Humoral and Cellular Immunity by Intradermal Delivery of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Using Dissolvable Microneedles

<div>IFN-<i>γ</i> T cell responses. (a) IFN-<i>γ</i> ELISPOT plate counts for S.C. NP stimulated, MN NP stimulated, blank MN stimulated (CTRL), and nonstimulated (UI) groups. (b) Bar chart shows mean IFN-<i>γ</i> ELISPOT counts for all four groups. Student’s unpaired parametric <span class="nowrap"><svg height="8.02022pt" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -7.81382 4.54925 8.02022" width="4.54925pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M324 430H196L233 583L223 592L145 529L120 430H54L29 396L31 388H111L56 126C33 15 54 -12 77 -12C137 -12 214 57 250 95L233 119C208 92 155 59 138 59C126 59 120 70 131 125L186 390L298 394L324 430Z"></path></g></svg>-</span>test was used. 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d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,73.667,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> ns refers to “not significant”.</div>

Journal of Immunology Research

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: Induction of Humoral and Cellular Immunity by Intradermal Delivery of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Using Dissolvable Microneedles 