Review Article

Contribution of Regulatory T Cell Methylation Modifications to the Pathogenesis of Allergic Airway Diseases

Figure 2

The structure of the Foxp3 gene. Red bars represent four important cis-regulatory elements of the Foxp3 gene. Light-blue and black bars represent three noncoding and 11 coding exons. Of the three enhancers, CNS2 is important for stable Foxp3 expression. Cytokines (e.g., IL-2, IL-6, and TGF-β) can act on related regions to regulate Foxp3 expression. Among the three Tet enzymes, Tet1 acts on promoters and transcription start sites. Tet2 mainly acts on gene bodies, whereas Tet2 and Tet3 work together to regulate CNS2 and CNS3 demethylation, as well as other regulatory regions.