An Update on the Pathogenic Role of Macrophages in Adult-Onset Still’s Disease and Its Implication in Clinical Manifestations and Novel Therapeutics

Figure 1

The proposed model for the summary of the pathogenic role of macrophages in adult-onset Still’s disease and its implication in clinical manifestations and therapeutics. PAMPs: pathogen-associated molecular patterns; DAMPs: damage-associated molecular patterns; HMGB1: high mobility group box-1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; PMN: polymorphonuclear neutrophils; NETs: neutrophil extracellular traps; DC: dendritic cells; TLRs: Toll-like receptors; NLRs: cytosol-expressed nucleotide-binding oligomerization- (NOD-) like receptors; NLRP: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain; CLEC5A: C-type lectin domain family 5-member A; Th: helper T cells; NK: natural killer cells; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IFN: interferon.