A Novel In Situ Dendritic Cell Vaccine Triggered by Rose Bengal Enhances Adaptive Antitumour Immunity

Figure 6

RB, RB-based mDC vaccine, and RB-iDC vaccine treatments led to tumour-specific T cell responses, the induction of immune effector cells and the attenuation of immunosuppressive cells in the LLC mouse model. (a, b) The CTL responses in the PBS-, RB-, RB-based mDC vaccine-, and RB-iDC vaccine-treated mice are shown. CTL responses were assessed in vitro using LLCs and Lewis CSCs as the target cells, respectively. The spleen was harvested at the end of the experiment. Splenic lymphocytes stimulated with RB-treated LLCs were used as the effector cells. Three mice per group were analysed. (c, d) After restimulating the splenocytes with RB-treated LLC in vitro, the intracellular IFN-γ and TNF-α production of CD8⁺ T cells was measured by flow cytometry. PBS served as a control. The results are shown as the percentages of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing CD8⁺ T cells among the total CD8⁺ T cell population. (e) The percentages of Tem (CD8⁺ CD62L^- CD44⁺), Tscm+Tn (CD8⁺ CD62L⁺ CD44^-), and Tcm (CD8⁺ CD62L⁺ CD44⁺) cells are shown. (f) Ten days after therapy, the CD4⁺ T and CD8⁺ T cells of the splenic lymphocyte, tumour-infiltrating cell, and TDLN populations were analysed by flow cytometry (). The data are representative of three independent experiments. (g, h) The Treg percentages. (i, j) The MDSC percentages. (k, l) The macrophage percentages in the TME and spleen are shown. Immune effector cells and immunosuppressive cells were analysed by flow cytometry (). The data are representative of three independent experiments. The are shown. Significance between samples was calculated by one-way ANOVA (, , ).

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