The proper functions of cells, receptors, and soluble mediators are essential for adequate immune responses and, thus, those functions are often altered in diseases. Hyper- or hyporeactive immune responses are associated with broad-spectrum diseases, like chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiencies. Several elements can contribute to the deregulation of the immune response, including genetic and environmental factors, as well as the individual's perception.

In recent years, an immunomodulatory effect of apparently unrelated molecules such as hormones and neurotransmitters on the immune response has been reported, leading to the identification of potential therapeutic targets. For these reasons the investigation of the effect of small molecules, organic compounds, antigenic sources, or even cells with immunomodulatory properties promises the development of new therapies for a wide range of ailments.

We invite authors to submit original research and review articles that analyze the immunomodulatory effects of classical and nonclassical molecules and compounds on clinical and experimental models as a therapeutic approach for chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiencies.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Modulation of immune response by:
  • Neurotransmitters
  • Hormones
  • Acute or chronic stress
  • Extracts from microorganisms or similar compounds
  • Antibodies
  • Cytokines, soluble receptors, and related molecules
  • Biodrugs
  • New or experimental immunosuppressant drugs