Although a process was described 2000 years ago first by Celsus and then by Galen, inflammation and its precise role in disease still are a subject of intense research. The immune system triggers an array of inflammatory reactions as a response to any exogenous and/or endogenous homeostasis disturbing factors. These processes are vital to preserve cells, tissues, and organ integrity, but as they comprise complex elements, regulation of this array of events is the main key for maintaining a normal physiological, efficient process. The regulatory mechanisms, some of them still unknown, need to balance the immune response. Thus, an insufficient response may cause immunodeficiency resulting in infection, cancer, and neurodegeneration.

As inflammation can be classified as either acute or chronic, these facets of the process can follow tumorigenesis. In the present special issue we intend to gather works that tackle these issues, namely, chronic inflammation that triggers/favours oncogenesis of solid tumors, on one hand. On the other hand, we intend to gather works that show the inflammation process as mechanism of efficient immune therapy in oncology.

We invite investigators to contribute to reviews and original papers describing recent findings in oncology field with focus on inflammation as part of the problem or part of the solution in tumor process/disease evolution.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Proteomics/immunoproteomics biomarkers for monitoring inflammation in skin cancer, brain cancer, and other types of tumors
• The innate-adaptive immune systems interface in inflammation
• Signaling inflammation-mediated events as tumorigenesis triggers
• Inflammasomes in cancer
• Inflammation and transcriptomics
• New methodological approaches for inflammation evaluation in cancer
• New avenues of immune-therapy in cancer
• Personalized medicine through inflammatory status evaluation
• Bioinformatics: main tool for human inflammasome approaches
• Inflammaging as tumorigenesis trigger