Gender Differences in Long-Term Outcomes of Medical Therapy and Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Coronary Chronic Total Occlusions
Table 1
Baseline clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics and in-hospital outcome in female and male patients with CTOs.
Female (n = 304)
Male (n = 990)
value
Age, years
68.3 ± 8.5
62.8 ± 10.5
<0.001
Smoking (%)
21 (6.9)
506 (51.1)
<0.001
Hypertension (%)
246 (80.9)
634 (64.0)
<0.001
Diabetes mellitus (%)
145 (47.7)
319 (32.2)
<0.001
Dyslipidemia (%)
235 (77.3)
693 (70.0)
0.008
Familial history of CAD (%)
31 (10.2)
118 (11.9)
0.238
Previous MI (%)
120 (39.5)
481 (48.6)
0.003
Previous PCI (%)
34 (11.2)
157 (15.9)
0.024
CKD (%)
40 (13.2)
69 (7.0)
0.001
Heart failure (%)
54 (17.8)
178 (18.0)
0.914
LVEF (%)
53.5 ± 8.5
52.5 ± 9.3
0.121
Baseline medication
Aspirin (%)
299 (98.4)
970 (98.0)
0.677
Clopidogrel (%)
280 (92.1)
920 (92.9)
0.628
Statin (%)
287 (94.4)
945 (95.5)
0.455
β blocker (%)
235 (77.3)
757 (76.5)
0.763
ACEI or ARB (%)
203 (66.8)
627 (63.3)
0.274
One CTO lesion (%)
268 (88.2)
840 (84.8)
0.150
Two CTO lesions (%)
33 (10.9)
140 (14.1)
0.141
LAD (%)
101 (33.2)
358 (36.2)
0.349
LCX (%)
86 (28.3)
278 (28.1)
0.944
RCA (%)
143 (47.0)
482 (48.7)
0.615
Multivessel disease (%)
246 (80.9)
808 (81.6)
0.710
Proximal or mid
CTO location (%)
225 (74.0)
755 (76.3)
0.424
Branched CTO
45 (14.8)
145 (14.6)
0.946
Blunt stump (%)
134 (44.1)
465 (47.0)
0.377
Calcification (%)
69 (22.7)
188 (19.0)
0.156
Bending >45° (%)
121 (39.8)
465 (47.0)
0.028
Length ≥20 mm (%)
175 (57.6)
629 (63.5)
0.061
J-CTO score
1.59 ± 1.24
1.74 ± 1.12
0.162
SYNTAX score
20.1 ± 7.6
22.5 ± 8.7
0.073
Contrast volume (ml)
177 ± 81
179 ± 88
0.977
Number of stents
1.34 ± 0.68
1.37 ± 0.70
0.995
Total stent length (mm)
38.1 ± 21.3
37.7 ± 22.6
0.758
Coronary dissection (%)
0
2 (0.2)
0.999
Coronary perforation (%)
1 (0.3)
1 (0.1)
0.999
In-hospital death (%)
1 (0.3)
6 (0.6)
0.999
Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or n (%). ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin-receptor blocker; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTO, chronic total occlusion; J-CTO, Japanese-chronic total occlusion; LAD, left ascending coronary artery; LCX, left circumflex coronary artery; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA, right coronary artery.
