Research Article
Association between Public Reporting of Outcomes and the Use of Mechanical Circulatory Support in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients with cardiogenic shock, 2005–2011.
| | Variable | Public reporting (N = 9664) | Nonreporting (N = 3379) | value |
| | Age in years, mean ± SD | 70.1 ± 0.5 | 69.5 ± 0.7 | <0.01 | | Male | 5479 (56.7) | 1932 (57.2) | 0.2 | | Race | | | <0.01 | | White | 6987 (72.3) | 2520 (74.6) | | | Black | 860 (8.9) | 550 (16.3) | | | Hispanic | 599 (6.2) | 37 (1.1) | | | Other | 879 (9.1) | 162 (4.8) | | | Missing | 347 (3.6) | 104 (3.1) | | | Myocardial infarction presentation | 5237 (54.2) | 1875 (55.5) | <0.01 | | Charlson comorbidity index, mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 0.01 | 1.7 ± 0.01 | 0.97 | | Obesity | 531 (5.5) | 405 (12) | <0.01 | | Hypertension | 4484 (46.4) | 1895 (56.1) | <0.01 | | Diabetes | 2618 (27.1) | 1145 (33.9) | <0.01 | | Peripheral vascular disease | 850 (8.8) | 547 (16.2) | <0.01 | | Chronic lung disease | 2145 (22.2) | 956 (28.3) | <0.01 | | Median household income category | | | <0.01 | | 0–25th percentile | 1845 (19.1) | 520 (15.4) | | | 26–50th percentile | 2010 (20.8) | 598 (17.7) | | | 51–75th percentile | 2077 (21.5) | 976 (28.9) | | | 76–100th percentile | 3324 (34.4) | 1229 (36.4) | | | Primary insurance | | | <0.01 | | Medicare | 6426 (66.5) | 2240 (66.3) | | | Medicaid | 869 (9) | 243 (7.2) | | | Private | 1952 (20.2) | 736 (21.8) | | | Self-pay/no pay/others | 415 (4.3) | 148 (4.4) | | | Hospital bed size | | | <0.01 | | Small | 608 (6.3) | 574 (17) | | | Medium | 1816 (18.8) | 1280 (37.9) | | | Large | 7238 (74.9) | 1520 (45) | | | Hospital location and teaching status | | | <0.01 | | Rural | 270 (2.8) | 101 (3) | | | Urban nonteaching | 2058 (21.3) | 1344 (39.8) | | | Urban teaching | 7334 (75.9) | 1932 (57.2) | | | Length of stay in days, median (IQR) | 12 (7–21) | 9 (5–17) | <0.01 | | Hospital charges in United States dollars, median (IQR) | 41013 (21534–74680) | 34833 (19538–60358) | <0.01 | | Discharge disposition | | | <0.01 | | Home | 1130 (11.7) | 527 (15.6) | | | Transfer to short-term hospital | 705 (7.3) | 195 (5.8) | | | Skilled nursing facility | 2048 (21.2) | 912 (27) | | | Home healthcare | 1391 (14.4) | 378 (11.2) | | | Mechanical circulatory support | 3082 (31.9) | 1196 (35.4) | <0.01 | | Percutaneous coronary intervention | 1179 (12.2) | 574 (17) | <0.01 | | Coronary artery bypass graft surgery | 1009 (10.4) | 616 (18.2) | <0.01 | | Aortic valve surgery | 344 (3.6) | 177 (5.2) | <0.01 | | Mitral valve surgery | 377 (3.9) | 143 (4.2) | 0.39 | | In-hospital mortality | 4348 (45) | 1351 (40) | <0.01 |
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Values reported as absolute numbers (percentage) unless otherwise specified. IQR = interquartile range.
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