Prevalence of Coronary Endothelial and Microvascular Dysfunction in Women with Symptoms of Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Is Confirmed by a New Cohort: The NHLBI-Sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation–Coronary Vascular Dysfunction (WISE-CVD)
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the original WISE and subsequent WISE-CVD cohorts.
WISE 1997-2001 n=181
WISE-CVD 2009-2011 n=235
p
Age (mean)
54 ± 10
54 ± 12
0.96
White (%)
83
74
0.040
Education (High School or more) (%)
77
97
<0.0001
Education (College or more) (%)
11
45
<0.0001
History of:
Hormone replacement therapy
Hormone replacement therapy (%)
57
46
0.026
Diabetes (%)
17
12
0.11
Hyperlipidemia (%)
46
20
<0.0001
Hypertension (%)
52
40
0.013
Smoking (%)
56
46
0.036
Current smoker (%)
20
6
<0.0001
Family history of coronary heart disease (%)
62
48
0.004
Body mass index (mean)
31.2 ± 7.5
30.4 ± 8.5
0.30
Systolic blood pressure (mean)
134 ± 19
126 ± 18
<0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure (mean)
77 ± 10
69 ± 11
<0.0001
Arterial pressure (mean)
96 ± 11
88 ± 11
<0.0001
Total cholesterol (mean)
184 ± 44
182 ± 40
0.82
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean)
106 ± 38
100 ± 33
0.14
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean)
52 ± 12
60 ± 17
<0.0001
Triglycerides (median [IQR])
103 (70, 160)
94 (70, 130)
0.17
Fasting blood sugar (mean)
103 ± 42
96 ± 28
0.07
Functional capacity (DASI) (mean)
19 ± 15
29 ± 20
<0.0001
Metabolic syndrome (%)
46
22
<0.0001
Medications last 3 months:
Beta blockers (%)
26
25
0.74
Statins (%)
14
35
<0.0001
ACE inhibitors (%)
18
20
0.54
Any lipid lowering (%)
18
36
<0.0001
Any antihypertensive (%)
55
46
0.059
Any psychotropic (%)
31
33
0.60
IQR=interquartile range; DASI: Duke Activity Status Inventory, where higher is better functional capacity; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme.
