Microtransesophageal Echocardiographic Guidance during Percutaneous Interatrial Septal Closure without General Anaesthesia
Table 1
Baseline characteristics.
ASD
PFO
TEE
Micro-TEE
value
TEE
Micro-TEE
value
Number
46
36
55
65
Age (years)
49.1 ± 15.0
47.8 ± 12.1
0.682
48.6 ± 9.2
51.0 ± 11.8
0.227
Female, n (%)
53 (52.5%)
19 (52.8%)
0.735
27 (49.1%)
25 (38.5%)
0.242
BMI (kg/m2)
27.2 ± 5.9
26.9 ± 4.9
0.733
24.9 ± 3.1
25.5 ± 4.3
0.520
Risk factors and comorbidities, n (%)
Smoking
7 (15.2%)
3 (13.9%)
0.866
11 (20%)
6 (9.2%)
0.092
Diabetes
4 (8.7%)
2 (5.6%)
0.588
2 (3.6%)
4 (6.2%)
0.528
Arterial hypertension
13 (28.3%)
6 (16.7%)
0.222
14 (45.5%)
9 (13.8%)
0.107
Hypercholesterolemia
10 (21.7%)
5 (13.9%)
0.358
20 (36.4%)
10 (15.4%)
0.010
CAD
0 (0.0%)
1 (2.8%)
0.255
0 (0%)
2 (3.1%)
0.190
History of SVT
7 (15.2%)
1 (2.8%)
0.060
1 (1.8%)
2 (3.1%)
0.660
Positive family history
9 (19.6%)
6 (16.7%)
0.736
15 (27.3%)
12 (18.5%)
0.249
TEE characteristics, n (%)
RLS after Valsalva
—
—
55 (100%)
65 (100%)
Floppy/ASA
11 (23.9%)
13 (36.1%)
0.328
22 (40.0%)
26 (40.0%)
1.000
LRS
46 (100%)
36 (100%)
—
—
ASD diameter (mm) ‡
15 (11–34)
15 (9–27)
—
—
Data are presented as mean ± SD or number (percentage). ‡ Data are presented as median (range). ASD, atrial septal defect; PFO, patent foramen ovale; TEE, transesophageal echocardiography; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; SVT, supraventricular arrhythmia; RLS, right-to-left shunt; ASA, atrial septal aneurysm; LRS, left-to-right shunt.