Research Article

Microtransesophageal Echocardiographic Guidance during Percutaneous Interatrial Septal Closure without General Anaesthesia

Table 1

Baseline characteristics.

ASDPFO
TEEMicro-TEE valueTEEMicro-TEE value

Number46365565
Age (years)49.1 ± 15.047.8 ± 12.10.68248.6 ± 9.251.0 ± 11.80.227
Female, n (%)53 (52.5%)19 (52.8%)0.73527 (49.1%)25 (38.5%)0.242
BMI (kg/m2)27.2 ± 5.926.9 ± 4.90.73324.9 ± 3.125.5 ± 4.30.520
Risk factors and comorbidities, n (%)
Smoking7 (15.2%)3 (13.9%)0.86611 (20%)6 (9.2%)0.092
Diabetes4 (8.7%)2 (5.6%)0.5882 (3.6%)4 (6.2%)0.528
Arterial hypertension13 (28.3%)6 (16.7%)0.22214 (45.5%)9 (13.8%)0.107
Hypercholesterolemia10 (21.7%)5 (13.9%)0.35820 (36.4%)10 (15.4%)0.010
CAD0 (0.0%)1 (2.8%)0.2550 (0%)2 (3.1%)0.190
History of SVT7 (15.2%)1 (2.8%)0.0601 (1.8%)2 (3.1%)0.660
Positive family history9 (19.6%)6 (16.7%)0.73615 (27.3%)12 (18.5%)0.249
TEE characteristics, n (%)
RLS after Valsalva55 (100%)65 (100%)
Floppy/ASA11 (23.9%)13 (36.1%)0.32822 (40.0%)26 (40.0%)1.000
LRS46 (100%)36 (100%)
ASD diameter (mm) ‡15 (11–34)15 (9–27)

Data are presented as mean ± SD or number (percentage). ‡ Data are presented as median (range). ASD, atrial septal defect; PFO, patent foramen ovale; TEE, transesophageal echocardiography; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; SVT, supraventricular arrhythmia; RLS, right-to-left shunt; ASA, atrial septal aneurysm; LRS, left-to-right shunt.