Research Article
Personalized Three-Dimensional Printing and Echoguided Procedure Facilitate Single Device Closure for Multiple Atrial Septal Defects
| | | 3D printing and TTE group (n = 26) | Conventional group (n = 27) | value |
| | Female | 17 (65.4%) | 15 (55.6%) | 0.858 |
| | Age (years) | 18.8 ± 15.9 | 14.0 ± 11.6 | 0.217 |
| | Three defects | 6 (23.1%) | 4 (14.8%) | 0.452 |
| | Maximum distance (mm) defect | 8.0 ± 3.9 | 7.6 ± 3.0 | 0.673 |
| | Large defect distance (defined as ≥ 7 mm) | 14 (53.8%) | 11 (40.7%) | 0.349 |
| | PFO occluder | 4 (15.4%) | 3 (11.1%) | 0.646 |
| | Occluder replacement | 1 (3.8%) | 16 (59.3%) | | | Once | 1 (3.8%) | 8 (29.6%) | | | Twice | | 4 (14.8%) | | | Thrice | | 4 (14.8%) | |
| | Occluder size, empirical estimation (mm) | 18.0 ± 6.0 | — | | | Occluder size, 3D model estimation (mm) | 26.0 ± 6.0 | — | |
| | Occluder size for patients (mm) | 26.0 ± 6.0 | 23.5 ± 5.4 | 0.968 |
| | Intraoperative residual shunt | 5 (19.2%) | 12 (44.4%) | 0.048 |
| | Residual shunt at 6 months after procedure | 2 (7.7%) | 8 (29.6%) | 0.042 |
| | Cost (CNY) | 32960.8 ± 2018.7 | 41019.9 ± 13758.2 | 0.0047 |
|
|
Values are expressed as means ± SD, n (%). vs occluder size on 3D model. |
