Clinical Implications of Bifurcation Angles in Left Main Bifurcation Intervention Using a Two-Stent Technique

Table 1

Baseline clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics of the study population.

Clinical characteristics	Total (n = 348)	Crush (n = 181)	T-stenting (n = 167)	value
Age, years	64.4 ± 10.0	64.4 ± 9.9	64.5 ± 10.2	0.944
Male	207 (59.5)	110 (60.8)	97 (58.1)	0.610
Diabetes mellitus	112 (32.2)	59 (32.6)	53 (31.7)	0.864
Hypertension	203 (58.3)	107 (59.1)	96 (57.5)	0.758
Dyslipidemia	105 (30.2)	47 (26.0)	58 (34.7)	0.075
Peripheral vascular disease	9 (2.6)	5 (2.8)	4 (2.4)	1.000
Chronic kidney disease	30 (8.6)	19 (10.5)	11 (6.6)	0.194
Current smoker	74 (21.3)	42 (23.2)	32 (19.2)	0.357
Previous myocardial infarction	27 (7.8)	16 (8.8)	11 (6.6)	0.433
Previous cerebrovascular event	29 (8.3)	18 (9.9)	11 (6.6)	0.258
Previous PCI	79 (22.7)	47 (26.0)	32 (19.2)	0.130
Previous CABG	6 (1.7)	4 (2.2)	2 (1.2)	0.686
Family history of CAD	15 (4.3)	8 (4.4)	7 (4.2)	0.917
LV ejection fraction, %	58.2 ± 11.8	58.7 ± 12.2	57.5 ± 11.2	0.411
Clinical Manifestation				0.005
STEMI	22 (6.3)	11 (6.1)	11 (6.6)
NSTEMI	35 (10.1)	26 (14.4)	9 (5.4)
Unstable angina	165 (47.4)	94 (51.9)	71 (42.5)
Stable angina	117 (33.6)	47 (26.0)	70 (41.9)
Silent ischemia	8 (2.3)	3 (1.7)	5 (3.0)
Angiographic and Procedural Characteristics
Angle of LM-LAD	152.4 (135.0–166.0)	150.0 (134.0–165.9)	155.2 (138.0–166.3)	0.061
Angle of LM-LCX	121.0 (105.4–137.0)	121.1 (106.6–139.1)	120.8 (105.0–136.2)	0.215
Angle of LAD-LCX	81.0 (64.0–102.0)	82.0 (64.0–105.0)	80.1 (64.2–101.0)	0.505
SYNTAX Score				0.019
Low score (0–22)	120 (34.7)	59 (32.6)	61 (37.0)
Intermediate score (23–32)	151 (43.6)	72 (39.8)	79 (47.9)
High score (≥33)	75 (21.7)	50 (39.8)	25 (15.2)
Medina classification				0.084
True Bifurcation
1.1.1	161 (46.4)	76 (42.0)	85 (50.9)
1.0.1	33 (9.5)	21 (11.6)	12 (7.2)
0.1.1	66 (14.3)	22 (12.2)	27 (16.2)
Nontrue Bifurcation
1.0.0	9 (2.6)	4 (2.2)	5 (3.0)
0.1.0	26 (7.5)	16 (8.8)	10 (6.0)
1.1.0	38 (11.0)	17 (9.4)	21 (12.7)
0.0.1	31 (9.3)	25 (13.8)	6 (3.6)
DES Type				0.146
SES	151 (43.4)	81 (44.8)	70 (41.9)
PES	63 (18.1)	33 (18.2)	30 (18.0)
ZES	58 (16.7)	26 (14.4)	32 (19.2)
EES	56 (16.1)	34 (18.8)	22 (13.2)
BP-BES	18 (5.2)	6 (3.3)	12 (7.2)
Stent Type				0.636
First generation DES	217 (62.4)	115 (63.5)	102 (61.1)
Second generation DES	131 (37.6)	66 (36.5)	65 (38.9)
LAD stent diameter	3.4 ± 0.4	3.4 ± 0.4	3.4 ± 0.4	0.167
LCX stent diameter	3.0 ± 0.4	3.0 ± 0.4	3.1 ± 0.4	0.047

Values are mean ± SD, median (interquartile ranges, 25^th–75^th), or n (%) (per-patient analysis). Chronic kidney disease defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m². BP-BES, biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; DES, drug-eluting stent; EES, everolimus-eluting stent; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LCX, left circumflex artery; LM, left main; LV, left ventricle; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PES, paclitaxel-eluting stent; SES, sirolimus-eluting stent; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; ZES, zotarolimus-eluting stent.