Coronary Microcirculation in Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology, Invasive Assessment, and Future Directions

Table 4

Literature review of coronary physiology before versus after treatment of severe aortic stenosis.

Authors	Citation	N	Baseline	Immediate	value	Long term	value	Time	Treatment	Method
Resting perfusion (cc/min/g) or Doppler velocity (cm/sec)
Nemes et al. [28]	Herz 2002; 27: 780	21	62.2			40.1	<0.01	15 months	SAVR	Echo Doppler (diastolic)
Hildick-Smith and Shapiro [44]	JACC 2000; 36: 1889	27	43			41	NS	6 months	SAVR	Echo Doppler (diastolic)
Carpeggiani et al. [24]	J CV Med 2008; 9: 893	8	1.01			0.92	>0.05	12 months	SAVR	PET
Rajappan et al. [70]	Circulation 2003; 107: 3170	22	1.08			1.01	0.27	12 months	SAVR	PET
Camuglia et al. [34]	JACC 2014; 63: 1808	8	22	20	NS	18	NS	12 months	TAVI	Wire (Doppler)
Vendrik et al. [35]	JAHA 2020; pending	13	19.98	19.7	NS	21.44	0.397	6 months	TAVI	Wire (Doppler)
Ahmad et al. [37]	JACC CV Int 2018; 11: 2019	30	22.13	24.84	0.1				TAVI	Wire (Doppler)
Wiegerinck et al. [36]	Circ CV Int 2015; 8: e002443	27	24.4	25.5	0.401				TAVI	Wire (Doppler)
Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR)
Vendrik et al. [35]	JAHA 2020; pending	13	0.82	0.83	NS	0.83	0.735	6 months	TAVI
Ahmad et al. [37]	JACC CV Int 2018; 11: 2019	30	0.88	0.88	0.94				TAVI
Scarsini et al. [38]	EuroIntervention 2018; 13: 1512	145	0.89	0.89	0.66				TAVI
Hyperemic perfusion (cc/min/g) or Doppler velocity (cm/sec) or mean transit time (sec)
Nemes et al. [28]	Herz 2002; 27: 780	21	117			91.5	<0.05	15 months	SAVR	Echo Doppler (diastolic)
Hildick-Smith and Shapiro [44]	JACC 2000; 36: 1889	27	71			108	<0.01	6 months	SAVR	Echo Doppler (diastolic)
Carpeggiani et al. [24]	J CV Med 2008; 9: 893	8	1.68			1.46	NS	12 months	SAVR	PET
Rajappan et al. [27]	Circulation 2003; 107: 3170	22	2.17			2.27	0.61	12 months	SAVR	PET
Camuglia et al. [34]	JACC 2014; 63: 1808	8	34	29	NS	39	NS	12 months	TAVI	Wire (Doppler)
Vendrik et al. [35]	JAHA 2020; pending	13	26.36	30.78	<0.001	40.2	<0.001	6 months	TAVI	Wire (Doppler)
Wiegerinck et al. [36]	Circ CV Int 2015; 8: e002443	27	44.5	51.1	0.027				TAVI	Wire (Doppler)
Ahmad et al. [37]	JACC CV Int 2018; 11: 2019	30	33.44	40.33	0.004				TAVI	Wire (Doppler)
Stoller et al. [48]	EuroIntervention 2018; 14: 166	40	0.44	0.48	0.53				TAVI	Wire (thermo)
Coronary flow reserve (CFR)
Nemes et al. [32]	Herz 2002; 27: 780	21	1.96			2.37	<0.05	15 months	SAVR	Echo Doppler (diastolic)
Hildick-Smith and Shapiro [44]	JACC 2000; 36: 1889	27	1.76			2.61	<0.01	6 months	SAVR	Echo Doppler (diastolic)
Carpeggiani et al. [24]	J CV Med 2008; 9: 893	8	1.68			1.58	NS	12 months	SAVR	PET
Rajappan et al. [70]	Circulation 2003; 107: 3170	22	2.02			2.28	0.17	12 months	SAVR	PET
Camuglia et al. [34]	JACC 2014; 63: 1808	8	1.53	1.58	0.41	2.18	<0.01	12 months	TAVI	Wire (Doppler)
Vendrik et al. [35]	JAHA 2020; pending	13	1.28	1.65	<0.001	1.94	<0.001	6 months	TAVI	Wire (Doppler)
Wiegerinck et al. [36]	Circ CV Int 2015; 8: e002443	27	1.9	2.1	0.113				TAVI	Wire (Doppler)
Stoller et al. [48]	EuroIntervention 2018; 14: 166	40	1.9	2	0.72				TAVI	Wire (thermo)
Fractional flow reserve (FFR)
Stundl et al. [41]	Clin Res Cardiol 2019; Epub	13	0.77			0.76	0.11	2 months	TAVI
Vendrik et al. [35]	JAHA 2020; pending	13	0.85	0.79	<0.001	0.71	<0.001	6 months	TAVI
Ahmad et al. [37]	JACC CV Int 2018; 11: 2019	30	0.87	0.85	0.0008				TAVI
Stoller et al. [48]	EuroIntervention 2018; 14: 166	40	0.9	0.93	0.0021				TAVI
Pesarini et al. [71]	Circ CV Int 2016; 9: e004088	133	0.89	0.89	0.73				TAVI

NS = not significant (actual value not reported), PET = positron emission tomography, SAVR = surgical aortic valve replacement, TAVI = transcatheter aortic valve implantation, and thermo = bolus thermodilution (based on the table from 2020 editorial [68]).