Temporal Trends in X-Ray Exposure during Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Table 2
Procedural characteristics.
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019 (including 30th June)
2019 (projected)
Change 13–19
value
Number of procedures
3318
3268
3210
3275
3372
3348
1708
3444
4%
NS
Number of patients
2915
2922
2851
2935
3057
3015
1564
3154
8%
0.02
Coronary angiography
1934
1837
1661
1664
1807
1777
890
1795
−7%
N. S
PCI
1384
1431
1549
1611
1565
1571
818
1650
19%
0.005
% where PCI was performed
41.7
43.8
48.3
49.2
46.4
46.9
47.9
15%
<0.001
Total operator exposure (mSv)
75.3
77.2
72.9
52.8
62.5
32.1
11.7
23.6
−69%
0.004
Operator exposure per procedure (mSv/procedure)
0.0227
0.0236
0.0227
0.0161
0.0185
0.00959
0.00685
0.00685
−70%
0.004
% valid observations DAP/irradiation time analysis (valid/total)
85.7% (2844/3318)
98.3% (3212/3268)
98.3% (3157/3210)
98.1% (3213/3275)
98.5% (3321/3372)
98.5% (3297/3348)
97.5% (1665/1708)
Mean irradiation time angiography in seconds (median)
388 (275)
403 (296)
399 (287.5)
377 (277)
343 (240)
344 (253)
353 (246)
−9%
<0.001
Mean irradiation time PCI (median)
1219 (954)
1268 (992)
1200 (957)
1229 (986)
1261 (981)
1135 (890)
1218 (978)
0%
N. S
Mean DAP angio μGy·m2 (median)
2981 (2322)
3091 (2528)
2735 (2203)
2545 (2083)
2431 (1992)
2014 (1592.5)
1891 (1416)
−37%
<0.001
Mean DAP PCI μGy·m2 (median)
8358 (6313.5)
8400 (6856)
7196 (5729)
6583 (5184)
6436 (5157)
5210 (4043)
5055 (4017)
−39%
<0.001
DAP/irradiation time, angio
7.7
7.7
6.9
6.7
7.1
5.9
5.4
−30%
0.003
DAP/irradiation time, PCI
6.9
6.6
6
5.4
5.1
4.6
4.2
−39%
<0.001
DAP/irradiation time, all
7.1
6.9
6.2
5.7
5.6
4.9
4.4
−38%
<0.001
values calculated with linear or logistic regression when appropriate with years elapsed since 2013 as independent variable. DAP = dose area product; mSv = millisievert; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; μGy·m2 = microgray squared meters.
