Transcatheter Closure of Mitral Paravalvular Leak via Multiple Approaches

Figure 3

Angiogram taken during the transcatheter procedure of mitral PVL closure via a transfemoral retrograde approach. (a) Left ventricular angiogram to profile the paramitral regurgitation. (b) Retrograde crossing of the paravalvular leak with the guidewire. (c) The introducer sheath was advanced into the left atrium. (d) The occluder device was placed at the position of the paravalvular leak. (e) The occluder device was deployed. (f) Left ventricular angiogram after deployment. The black arrow indicates the PVL. The white arrow indicates the occluder.

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