Transthoracic Assessment of Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve: A Practical Approach to Diagnostic Testing in Patients with Angina and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Figure 4

Example of noise artifact compromising coronary flow signal, making coronary flow velocity curves blurred and poorly reproducible. Noise artifacts can occur from surrounding structures (e.g., vessels, epicardial fat, and flow in the left ventricular cavity) and can sometimes mimic coronary flow as they usually increase during hyperemia.