Contemporary Strategies and Outcomes of Dedicated Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Programs: A Prospective Multicentre Registry
Table 1
Baseline patient characteristics.
All (n = 920)
Years 1–4 (n = 301)
Years 5–9 (n = 619)
P value
Demographics
Age
66 ± 10
65 ± 11
66 ± 10
0.201
Male
784 (85.2)
259 (86.0)
525 (84.8)
0.692
BMI
28.5 ± 8.1
29.6 ± 12.7
28.0 ± 4.4
0.045
Risk factors
Current smoker
202 (22.0)
66 (21.9)
136 (22.0)
1.0
Hypertension
634 (68.9)
188 (62.5)
446 (72.1)
0.004
Hypercholesterolemia
784 (85.2)
230 (76.4)
554 (89.5)
<0.001
Diabetes
251 (27.3)
79 (26.2)
172 (27.8)
0.637
Medical history
Prior MI
338 (36.7)
92 (30.6)
246 (39.7)
0.007
Prior PCI
436 (47.4)
132 (43.9)
304 (49.1)
0.140
Prior CABG
130 (14.1)
37 (12.3)
93 (15.0)
0.313
Prior stroke
59 (6.4)
22 (7.3)
37 (6.0)
0.474
PAD
193 (21.0)
62 (20.7)
131 (21.2)
0.931
CKD
211 (23.3)
64 (22.1)
147 (23.9)
0.556
Multivessel disease
489 (56.4)
165 (54.8)
324 (57.2)
0.518
LV function
LV EF
55 ± 12
57 ± 12
54 ± 12
<0.001
LV EF ≤ 35%
83 (9.2)
21 (7.0)
62 (10.4)
0.113
CTO presentation
ACS
136 (14.8)
43 (14.3)
93 (15.1)
0.768
Stable angina
570 (62.4)
185 (61.5)
385 (62.9)
0.716
Atypical chest pain
21 (2.3)
5 (1.7)
16 (2.6)
0.483
Asymptomatic
135 (15.0)
61 (20.3)
74 (12.3)
0.002
Silent ischemia
275 (32.5)
90 (30.0)
185 (33.8)
0.283
Target vessel
LAD
248 (27.0)
89 (29.6)
159 (25.7)
0.235
CX
150 (16.3)
49 (16.3)
101 (16.3)
1.0
RCA
516 (56.1)
160 (53.2)
356 (57.5)
0.229
LMCA
6 (0.7)
3 (1.0)
3 (0.5)
0.399
ACS, acute coronary syndrome; BMI, body mass index; CTO, chronic total occlusion; CX, circumflex coronary artery; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LV, left ventricular; LV EF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LMCA, left main coronary artery; PAD, peripheral artery disease; RCA, right coronary artery. Dichotomous variables are reported as number (percentages). Continuous variables are reported as means with standard deviation. Significant p values below 0.05 are shown in bold.
