Surface Modification and Alloying of Aluminum and Titanium Alloys with Low-Energy, High-Current Electron Beams

Figure 18

XRD patterns of the of the Ti-Al surface alloys formed in different modes: (a) 𝑁=5; (b) 𝑁=10; (c) 𝑁=15; (d) and (e) 𝑁=15 followed by vacuum annealing (700°C, 1 h); (f) 𝑁=20; (g) 𝑁=40 followed by pulsed melting (3 μs, 4-5 J/cm², 𝑛=3, 𝑇₀=680°C); (h) 𝑁=40 followed by pulsed melting (100 μs, 13 J/cm², 𝑛=9). XRD patterns (a) and (e) are obtained at incident angle 𝜔=2^∘, others at 𝜔=5^∘.