Conduction Mechanism by Using CBH Model in Fe³⁺ and Mn³⁺ Ion Modified Pb(Zr_0.65−xA_xTi_0.35)O₃ (A = Mn³⁺/Fe³⁺) Ceramics

Table 1

Crystallite size and grain size of the samples PbZr_0.65Ti_0.35O₃, Pb(Zr_0.60Fe_0.05Ti_0.35)O₃, and Pb(Zr_0.60Mn_0.05Ti_0.35)O₃ annealed at different temperatures.

Sample composition	Crystallite size (nm)	Grain size (μm),; SEM
Pb(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3; (900°C)	13.5(8)	0.114(5)
Pb(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3; (1100°C)	33.0(1)	3.513(6)
Pb(Zr0.60Fe0.05Ti0.35)O3; (900°C)	13.0(3)	0.111(7)
Pb(Zr0.60Fe0.05Ti0.35)O3; (1100°C)	32.1(9)	3.423(5)
Pb(Zr0.60Mn0.05Ti0.35)O3; (900°C)	12.5(4)	0.110(9)
Pb(Zr0.60Mn0.05Ti0.35)O3; (1100°C)	30.1(1)	3.323(5)