Socioeconomic Determinants of Mangrove Exploitation and Seagrass Degradation in Zanzibar: Implications for Sustainable Development

Table 3

Timeline analysis of seagrass status in Charawe and Kibele village since 1962 to date.

Period	Status of seagrass bed in Kibele	Status of seagrass bed in Charawe	Reasons for Kibele	Reasons for Charawe	Source
1964-1972	Very good	Very good	Small population size, few fishermen, fishing using traps by old people and conservation management by government officials	Small population size, few fishermen, only old people fished in seagrass beds, use of traps and conservation by government officials	Key informant
1990-1995	Bad	Bad	Introduction of improved vessels, deep water fishing, drag net fishing, youth and old people involved and breaching the government laws	Introduction of improved vessels, deep water fishing, drag net fishing, youth and old people involved and breaching the government laws	Key informant
1996-2000	Good	Good	Lack of money value of the resource to the community, burnt use of drag nets and introduction of management committee	Lack of money value of the resource to the community, burnt use of drag nets and introduction of management committee	Key informant
2000-to date	Good	Good	Controlling harvesting of bivalves and availability of creditable livelihood; Gleaning and bait collection activity heavily conducted	Lack of valuable resources on seagrass beds and community concentrate with mangrove extraction; Gleaning, bait collection, and seaweed farming	Key informant