Diversity of Mushrooms and Their Metabolites of Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Significance

Table 12

Miscellaneous therapeutic metabolites of mushrooms and their bioactivity.

Mushroom name	Active principle	Activity	Reference
Ganoderma lucidum; Common name: Reishi	Triterpenes, Ganoderiol F; Ganoderic acid B; Ganodermanontriol.; Ganodermadiol; Polysaccharide (ganopoly); Triterpenes; Polysaccharides Ganoderon A, Ganoderon B, Ganoderon C; β-D-glucan; Glycoprotein	Active against HIV-1; Cytotoxic to hepatoma cells; Active against herpes simplex virus-1; Causing palliative effect on cancer related symptoms and hepatitis B treatment; Protection against atherosclerosis; Hypoglycemic effect during treatment of type 2 diabetics; Immunostimulative antitumor activity; Antitumor activity	[65, 67]
Ganoderma applanatum	Steroids; Applanoxidic acid G; Applanoxidic acid G	Antagonist to both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria; Active against influenza virus type A; Active against mouse skin tumor promoters; Useful in treatments of pain	[65]
Lentinula edodes; Common name: shiitake	Oxalic acid present on caps; Polysaccharide lentinan; Emitanin; Soluble lignin; Eritadenine (a nucleotide derivative)	Antibacterial activity; Inhibits Sarcoma 180 and HIV induced cytopathic effect; Used in tumor/chemo/radiotherapy/surgery; Anti-HIV activities; Antilipidemic activity and reduces risk of atherosclerosis	[65]
Flammulina velutipes	Sesquiterpenes, proteins, and polysaccharides; Enokipodins; Velutin protein; Alcoholic and hot water extracts of its sporophores	Antitumor; Antifungal and antibacterial; Inactivating ribosome and inhibiting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase; Cytostatic effects against tumor cells; Antiallergic and anticomplementary effects	[65]
Auricularia- auricula judae	Acidic heteroglycans	Antitumor	[65]
Auricularia polytricha	Antiplatelet compound; Adenosine	Arhterosclerotic activity	[65]
Pleurotus ostreatus	Lovastatin	Arhterosclerotic activity	[65]
Grifola frondosa	Polysaccharide β-D-glucan; Maitake D-fraction; Proteins with β-D-glucan; (Grifolan); Xyloglucan, fucomannoglucan; Heteroglucans proteins; Mannogalactofucan; Heteroxylan; Galactomannoglycan	Antiviral activity and immunostimulatory effect; HIV-antitumor activity; Antitumor activity	[67]
Laetiporus sulphureus	Dehydrotrametenolicacid	Hypoglycemic activity; Insulin sensitizer and reducing hyperglycemia	[67]
Lenzites betulina	Betulinam A	Radical scavenger	[67]
Cordyceps militaris	Polysaccharides (Cordycepic acid and β-D-glucans); Triterpenoids; Nucleosides (cordycepin, 3-deoxyadenosine); Proteins, amino acids; Vitamins (B-complex and ascorbic acid) Minerals (trace elements)	Cancer; Fatigue; Respiratory and pulmonary diseases; Liver and renal disorders; Male and female sexual dysfunctions; Cardiovascular diseases	[65]
Cordyceps sinensis	Adenosine, cordycepin, and ergosterol	Antioxidative property	[68]
Morchella esculenta	Polysaccharides, proteins,; enzymes, vitamins,; minerals, and amino acids; No cholesterol	Cures pneumonia, fever, cough, cold, and stomachache; Cures diseases for pregnant and lactating minerals; For respiratory ailments	[65]
Pleurotus sajor-caju	Proteins having polysaccharide xyloglucan, xyloproteins	Antitumor	[67]
Agaricus campestris	Glycoproteins	Antitumor	[67]
Boletus edulis		Antitumor	[67]
Calvatia gigantea	Calvacin	Antitumor	[67]
Cyathus stercoreus	Polyketide; Cyathusals A, B, and C; Pulvinatal antioxidant effect	Antitumor	[67]
Tricholomopsis rutilans	Polysaccharides; Phenol fosmicin B; Sterols	Antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and; antioxidant	[67]
Oudemansiella radicata	E-b methoxy acrylate	Antibiotic effect	[66]
Collybia velutipes	Eritadenine	Decreasing cholesterol	[66]