Risk of Parkinson’s Disease in the Users of Antihypertensive Agents: An Evidence from the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Table 5

Overall effect estimates for Parkinson’s disease and calcium channel blockers use according to subgroups.

Characteristics	Number of studies	RR (95% CI)	value	Cochrane value	value
All studies	7	0.82 (0.71–0.93)	0.016	0.027	55.678
Study design
Cohort	4	0.74 (0.65–0.83)	<0.001	0.144	44.605
Case-control	3	0.83 (0.67–1.00)	0.111	0.035	65.022
Class of CCBs
DiCCB	4	0.70 (0.66–0.89)	0.032	0.016	67.027
Non DiCCB	3	0.78 (0.58–0.83)	0.013	0.745	0.000
Gender
Men	4	0.79 (0.69–0.89)	0.080	0.175	39.499
Women	3	0.67 (0.57–0.76)	0.071	0.954	0.000
Quality
High	3	0.71 (0.63–0.79)	0.001	0.793	0
Medium	4	0.89 (0.71–1.07)	0.272	0.026	65.744