Multiswitching Synchronization of a Driven Hyperchaotic Circuit Using Active Backstepping

Figure 5

Error dynamics for the unified and periodically forced Van der Pol-Duffing oscillator of the system state for 𝑁=3 with controller defined in (31) when the control was activated at 𝑡=50 for (a) 𝑒₃₁, (b) 𝑒₃₂, and (c) 𝑒₃₃.

(a)

(b)

(c)