Electromagnetic Field Behavior in Dispersive Isotropic Negative Phase Velocity/Negative Refractive  Index Guided Wave Structures Compatible with Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Integrated Circuits

Krowne, Clifford M.; Daniel, Maurice

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/54568

Journal of Nanomaterials

On this page

Abstract References Copyright Related Articles

Special Issue

Modeling and Characterization of the Interaction of Electromagnetic Wave with Nanocomposites and Nanostructured Materials

View this Special Issue

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2007 | Article ID 054568 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/54568

Electromagnetic Field Behavior in Dispersive Isotropic Negative Phase Velocity/Negative Refractive Index Guided Wave Structures Compatible with Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Integrated Circuits

Clifford M. Krowne¹and Maurice Daniel²

Academic Editor: Christian Brosseau

Received08 Feb 2007

Accepted26 Jun 2007

Published28 Aug 2007

Abstract

A microstrip configuration has been loaded with a dispersive isotropic left-handed medium (LHM) substrate and studied regarding its high frequency millimeter-wave behavior near 100 GHz. This has been accomplished using a full-wave integral-equation anisotropic Green's function code configured to run for isotropy. Never before seen electromagnetic field distributions are produced, unlike anything found in normal media devices, using this ab initio solver. These distributions are made in the cross-sectional dimension, with the field propagating in the perpendicular direction. It is discovered that the LHM distributions are so radically different from ordinary media used as a substrate that completely new electronic devices based upon the new physics become a real possibility. The distinctive dispersion diagram for the dispersive medium, consisting of unit cells with split ring resonator-rod combinations, is provided over the upper millimeter-wave frequency regime.

References

V. G. Veselago, “Electrodynamics of media with simultaneous negative electric permittivity and magnetic permeability,” in Advances in Electromagnetics of Complex Media and Metamaterials, S. Zouhdi, A. H. Sihvola, and M. Arsalane, Eds., NATO Science, pp. 83–97, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2002.
View at: Google Scholar
P. F. Loschialpo, D. L. Smith, D. W. Forester, F. J. Rachford, and J. Schelleng, “Electromagnetic waves focused by a negative-index planar lens,” Physical Review E, vol. 67, no. 2, Article ID 025602, 4 pages, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
F. J. Rachford, D. L. Smith, P. F. Loschialpo, and D. W. Forester, “Calculations and measurements of wire and/or split-ring negative index media,” Physical Review E, vol. 66, no. 3, Article ID 036613, 5 pages, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
W. T. Lu, J. B. Sokoloff, and S. Sridhar, “Refraction of electromagnetic energy for wave packets incident on a negative-index medium is always negative,” Physical Review E, vol. 69, no. 2, Article ID 026604, 5 pages, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Lakhtakia and J. A. Sherwin, “Orthorhombic materials and perfect lenses,” International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 19–23, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Lakhtakia, “Handedness reversal of circular Bragg phenomenon due to negative real permittivity and permeability,” Optics Express, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 716–722, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
R. B. Greegor, C. G. Parazzoli, K. Li, and M. H. Tanielian, “Origin of dissipative losses in negative index of refraction materials,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 82, no. 14, pp. 2356–2358, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Foteinopoulou, E. N. Economou, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Refraction in media with a negative refractive index,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 90, no. 10, Article ID 107402, 4 pages, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
D. R. Smith and D. Schurig, “Electromagnetic wave propagation in media with indefinite permittivity and permeability tensors,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 90, no. 7, Article ID 077405, 4 pages, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. A. Houck, J. B. Brock, and I. L. Chuang, “Experimental observations of a left-handed material that obeys Snell's law,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 90, no. 13, Article ID 137401, 4 pages, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. G. Parazzoli, R. B. Greegor, K. Li, B. E. C. Koltenbah, and M. Tanielian, “Experimental verification and simulation of negative index of refraction using Snell's law,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 90, no. 10, Article ID 107401, 4 pages, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. Pacheco Jr., T. M. Grzegorczyk, B.-I. Wu, Y. Zhang, and J. A. Kong, “Power propagation in homogeneous isotropic frequency-dispersive left-handed media,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 89, no. 25, Article ID 257401, 4 pages, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Lakhtakia, M. W. McCall, and W. S. Weiglhofer, “Brief overview of recent developments on negative phase-velocity mediums (alias left-handed materials),” AEU—International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 407–410, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Ruppin, “Surface polaritons of a left-handed material slab,” Journal of Physics Condensed Matter, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1811–1818, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
G. W. 't Hooft, “Comment on “negative refraction makes a perfect lens”,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 87, no. 24, Article ID 249701, 1 pages, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. Pendry, “Pendry replies:,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 87, no. 24, Article ID 249702, 1 pages, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. M. Williams, “Some problems with negative refraction,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 87, no. 24, Article ID 249703, 1 pages, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. Pendry, “Pendry replies:,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 87, no. 24, Article ID 249704, 1 pages, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
G. Dewar, “Candidates for $μ < 0$ , $ε < 0$ nanostructures,” International Journal of Modern Physics B, vol. 15, no. 24-25, pp. 3258–3265, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Z. M. Zhang and C. J. Fu, “Unusual photon tunneling in the presence of a layer with a negative refractive index,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 1097–1099, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Lakhtakia, “On perfect lenses and nihility,” International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 339–343, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
E. Shamonina, V. A. Kalinin, K. H. Ringhofer, and L. Solymar, “Imaging, compression and Poynting vector streamlines for negative permittivity materials,” Electronics Letters, vol. 37, no. 20, pp. 1243–1244, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. Paul, C. Christopoulos, and D. W. P. Thomas, “Time-domain modelling of negative refractive index material,” Electronics Letters, vol. 37, no. 14, pp. 912–913, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. Weiland, R. Schuhmann, and R. B. Greegor et al., “Ab initio numerical simulation of left-handed metamaterials: comparison of calculations and experiments,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 90, no. 10, pp. 5419–5424, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. Caloz, C.-C. Chang, and T. Itoh, “Full-wave verification of the fundamental properties of left-handed materials in waveguide configurations,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 90, no. 11, pp. 5483–5486, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Grbic and G. V. Eleftheriades, “Dispersion analysis of a microstrip-based negative refractive index periodic structure,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 155–157, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
G. V. Eleftheriades, A. K. Iyer, and P. C. Kremer, “Planar negative refractive index media using periodically L-C loaded transmission lines,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 2702–2712, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Grbic and G. V. Eleftheriades, “Experimental verification of backward-wave radiation from a negative refractive index metamaterial,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 92, no. 10, pp. 5930–5935, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Alu and N. Engheta, “Radiation from a traveling-wave current sheet at the interface between a conventional material and a metamaterial with negative permittivity and permeability,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 460–463, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
N. Engheta, “An idea for thin subwavelength cavity resonators using metamaterials with negative permittivity and permeability,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 10–13, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. Caloz, A. Sanada, L. Liu, and T. Itoh, “A broadband left-handed (LH) coupled-line backward coupler with arbitrary coupling level,” in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, vol. 1, pp. 317–320, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, June 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
I.-H. Lin, C. Caloz, and T. Itoh, “A branch-line coupler with two arbitrary operating frequencies using left-handed transmission lines,” in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, vol. 1, pp. 325–328, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, June 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
H. Okabe, C. Caloz, and T. Itoh, “A compact enhanced-bandwidth hybrid ring using a left-handed transmission line section,” in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, vol. 1, pp. 329–332, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, June 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
N. Engheta, “Ideas for potential applications of metamaterials with negative permittivity and permeability,” in Advances in Electromagnetics of Complex Media and Metamaterials, S. Zouhdi, A. H. Sihvola, and M. Arsalane, Eds., NATO Science, pp. 19–37, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2002.
View at: Google Scholar
C. M. Krowne, “Physics of propagation in left-handed guided wave structures at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 92, no. 5, Article ID 053901, 4 pages, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. M. Krowne and M. Daniel, “Electronic aspects of propagation in left-handed guided wave structures: electromagnetic-media interactions,” in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, vol. 1, pp. 309–312, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, June 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
C. M. Krowne, “Physics and electronics of left-handed guided wave devices,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 48, part 1, p. 580, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
C. M. Krowne, “Electromagnetic-field theory and numerically generated results for propagation in left-handed guided-wave single-microstrip structures,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2269–2283, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. M. Krowne, “Negative refractive Bi—crystal with broken symmetry leading to unusual fields in guided wave heterostructures,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 49, part 2, p. 928, 2004.
View at: Google Scholar
C. M. Krowne, “Left-handed material anisotropy effect on guided wave electromagnetic fields,” Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 99, no. 4, Article ID 044914, 19 pages, 2006.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y. Zhang, B. Fluegel, and A. Mascarenhas, “Total negative refraction in real crystals for ballistic electrons and light,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 91, no. 15, Article ID 157404, 4 pages, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. M. Krowne, “Negative-refractive bicrystal with broken symmetry produces asymmetric electromagnetic fields in guided-wave heterostructures,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 93, no. 5, Article ID 053902, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Lakhtakia and C. M. Krowne, “Restricted equivalence of paired epsilon-negative and mu-negative layers to a negative phase-velocity material (alias left-handed material),” Optik, vol. 114, no. 7, pp. 305–307, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, “Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2075–2084, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. M. Krowne, “Dyadic Green's function modifications for obtaining attenuation in microstrip transmission layered structures with complex media,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 112–122, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, W. J. Stewart, and I. Youngs, “Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 76, no. 25, pp. 4773–4776, 1996.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz, and L. P. Pitaevskii, Electrodynamics of Continuous Media, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1984.
View at: Google Scholar
Fortner Research LLC. Commercial plotting software, 1996.

Copyright

Copyright © 2007 Clifford M. Krowne and Maurice Daniel. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation Order printed copies

Views

343

Downloads

672

Citations