CVD Synthesis of Hierarchical 3D MWCNT/Carbon-Fiber Nanostructures

Table 1

Pretreatment conditions and special synthesis methods found in the literature, which have enabled iron-catalyzed secondary CNT growth on various carbon materials. CF = carbon fibers, CP = carbon paper.

Support (supplier)	Treatment/method	Catalyst precursor	Carbon source	T [^∘C]	Ref.
CP (E-tech)	PECVD	e-beam Fe	Methane	600	[33]
CF (Toray)	Injection	Ferrocene	Toluene	750	[37]
CF	Acid bath	Fe(NO3)3	Acetylene	750	[38]
CP (Toray)	Injection, H2S	Ferrocene	Xylene	800	[39]
CF	Injection	Ferrocene	Xylene	800	[40]
CF	Reduced pressure	Ferrofluid	Methane	750	[41]
CP (E-TEK)	Ohmic heating	Fe(NO3)3	Ethylene	700	[42]