Review: Biofunctionalized Quantum Dots in Biology and Medicine

Table 1

Biofunctionalised Quantum dots used for different applications (refer [3, 23, 65–83]).

SL number	Biolinkers	Biomolecules attached	Quantum dots	Applications as biosensor	References
1	TOPO (trioctyl phosphine oxide) along with MAA (Mercapta Acetic acid)	Glycoproteins	CdSe	Label microorganisms and label specific cell type and lineages in in vitro system	[66]
2	TOPO (trioctyl phosphine oxide)	Transferrin	CdSe	Identifying bacteria and biochemical process of bacteria iron acquisition	[67]
3	Primary-amine-containing molecules using the activator EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride))	Adenine and AMP	CdSe/CdSe-ZnS	Labeling bacteria by Purine dependent mechanisms	[67]
4	TOPO (trioctyl phosphine oxide) along with MES (Mercaptoethane Sulphonate)	*	CdSe	Determination of free cyanide in aqueous solution with high sensitivity	[69]
5	Polystyrene microspheres	Rabbit IgG	CdTe	Detection of fluoromicrospheres in laser induced fluorescent systems	[70]
6	Protein transferrin	HeLa Cells	ZnS capped Cadmium Selenide	Ultrasensitive non isotopic detection	[3]
7	Chitosan polymer	*	Manganese doped Zinc Sulphide QD	Detection of bacillus bacteria	[66, 71]
8	Suitable ampiphilic Polymer	streptavidin	CdSe/ZnS	Detection of E. Coli O157:H7 cells	[72]
9	PEG polymer	GFE, F3, Lyp-1 peptide	ZnS capped CdSe	Invivo Targeting; blood vessel and tumour in mice	[84]
10	RGD peptide	*	CdSe	Labeling and Imaging of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells	[73]
11	AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) antibody	Tumour tissue	ZnS capped CdSe	Hepatic Cancer detection	[68]
12	Avidin	Antibody	CdSe-ZnS core	Detection of Cholera toxin and SEB	[84]
13	TCS (Tricosanthin)	Human choriocarcinoma cells (JAR cells)	ZnS capped CdSe	Treatment of AIDs	[85]
14	Streptavidin	𝛼 tubulin antibody	CdSe/ZnS	Immunolabelling of mouse embryo fibroblast cells	[23]
15	Streptavidin	biotinylated MAb	CdSe/ZnS	C. parvum oocyst detectionWaterborne pathogen	[74]
16	Streptavidin	Actinomyosin	CdSe	Cargo detection and filament tracking	[75]
17	Streptavidin		CdSe-ZnS	Human metaphase chromosomes	[76]
18	Peptide	Angiotensin	CdSe-ZnS	image angiotensin I-expressing CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells in vitro	[77]
19	Phytochelatin peptides	streptavidin	CdSe-ZnS	Cell imaging	[86]
20	Streptavidin	DNA	Gold Nanopaticle	Detection of Nucleic acids	[78]
21	*	DNA	CdS	DNA labelling	[79]
22	OPA copolymer (oligomer of amine-terminated polyaniline) by EDAC coupling reagent (1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide)	Deltrophin-II	CdSe-ZnS	Labelling GPCRs (G-protein coupling receptors)	[80]
23	Thioglycolic acid	Cy3-DNA	CdTe	Detection of DNA hybridization	[81]
24	Teflon-AF LCWs (Liquid core waveguides)	Alexfluor 546-labeled IgG antibody	Catskill green (CdSe/ZnS)	Detection of cTnI in PBS (phosphate buffered saline) and human plasma.	[87]
25	2-aminoethanthiol	*	PbSe	Biosensor and drug delivery	[82]

*indicates that no suitable biolinker or biomolecule is attached to the QDs for those particular application.