Impact of Ge⁴⁺ Ion as Structural Dopant of Ti⁴⁺ in Anatase: Crystallographic Translation, Photocatalytic Behavior, and Efficiency under UV and VIS Irradiation

Table 1

The EDX analysis, surface area, porosity, crystallite size, anatase and amorphous phase contents, and cell parameters a and c.

Sample	GeCl^4 [mL]	EDX Ge [wt.%]	Specific surface area [m^2g^−1]	Pore volume [cm^3g^−1]	Cryst. Size [nm]	Anatase [wt.%]	Amorph. phase [wt.%]	Cell param. 𝑎 [Å]	Cell param. 𝑐 [Å]
TiGe00	0.0	0.0	200.4	0.1905	13.4	83.8	16.2	3.7949	9.5065
TiGe05	0.5	0.84	239.5	0.2616	14.7	77.1	22.9	3.7946	9.5013
TiGe07	0.7	1.23	245.1	0.2640	14.9	76.6	23.4	3.7942	9.5003
TiGe10	1.0	1.83	263.2	0.2239	11.3	78.2	21.8	3.7933	9.4996
TiGe15	1.5	2.05	237.8	0.6039	14.8	74.1	25.9	3.7930	9.4981
TiGe25	2.5	2.86	250.2	0.4065	13.1	77.1	22.9	3.7922	9.4950
TiGe30	3.0	3.57	290.9	0.2255	9.8	78.2	21.8	3.7931	9.4920
TiGe60	6.0	5.59	283.3	0.2404	10.5	81.3	18.7	3.7939	9.4988
TiGe90	9.0	12.07	249.7	0.2232	11.5	65.3	34.7	3.7898	9.4768