Enhanced Ca²⁺ Entry and Tyrosine Phosphorylation Mediate Nanostructure-Induced Endothelial Proliferation

Figure 2

Nanostructure-induced β-catenin translocation involves tyrosine phosphorylations. Confocal microscopy images of β-catenin distribution (red) in HMEC grown on the indicated substrate. Lower panels: representative profile plots along the indicated cell section (yellow line) show intensity distribution of β-catenin as relative immunofluorescence intensity (𝑦-axis) along the distance in pixel (𝑥-axis). Scale bars represent 10 μm. CTRL (a); for inhibitor experiments, cells were incubated for 6 h at 37°C with 50 nM PP2 (b), 3 μM dasatinib (DB, (c)), 2 μM imatinib (IB, (d)). Bar graphs representing the nuclear to cytosolic ratio of β-catenin immunofluorescence (e); values ± SEM; 𝑛≥60 cells from 3 independent experiments, calculated from 3 different images of each experiment; ^∗𝑃<0.05; ^∗∗𝑃<0.001 compared to CTRL.

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