Influence of Anode Area and Electrode Gap on the Morphology of TiO₂ Nanotubes Arrays

Figure 1

FE-SEM images of the surface morphology of TiO₂ nanotube arrays formed at 10 V in ethylene glycol containing 0.4wt% NH₄F and 5wt% H₂O electrolyte for 1 h. with different anode areas: (a) 5 cm × 0.5 cm, (b) 5 cm × 1 cm, (c) 5 cm × 2 cm, and (d) 5 cm × 4 cm.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)