A Review on the Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Nanomaterials and Their Applications on Lithium-Ion Batteries

Table 1

Synthesis of MnO₂ with different morphologies.

Method	Morphology	Size	Year
Molten salt route	Nanowires; Nanorods	Length of several microns and diameter of 15–30 nm; Length of 500 nm–2 μm and diameter of 20–40 nm	2009 [10]
Hydrothermal method	Urchin-like nanoballs	Diameter of 1 μm	2010 [27]
Microemulsion method	Nanodisks	Size of 1-2 μm and thickness of 50–100 nm	2007 [35]
Hydrothermal method	Nanotubes	Outer diameter of 100 nm, wall thickness of 30 nm, and length of several microns	2008 [11]
Hydrothermal method	Multipods	The legs of the multipods are 200–600 nm in width and several microns in length	2006 [36]