Application of Gold Nanoparticles for Electrochemical DNA Biosensor

Figure 5

A permittivity as a function of frequency for GNPs-modified SiO₂ thin films for DNA immobilization and hybridization detection after (a) 30 minutes, (b) 1 hour, (c) 2 hours, and (d) 4 hours.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)