Surface Modified Characteristics of the Tetracalcium Phosphate as Light-Cured Composite Resin Fillers

Table 1

One-way ANOVA of different TTCP to whisker-treated filler amounts before and after thermal cycling per sample compared with physical properties (𝑛=15).

Groups	𝑃-value*	Tukey’s pairwise comparison
		Variations and group comparisons of control (no filler)/30/40/50/60 wt% fillers
Ultimate DTS during testing
Before thermal cycling	<0.0001*	Control > 30 > 40 > 50 = 60 wt% groups
After thermal cycling	<0.0001*	Control > 30 = 40 = 50 = 60 wt% groups
Modulus of elasticity (2% offset)
Before thermal cycling	<0.0001*	60 > 50 > 40 = 30 > control groups
After thermal cycling	<0.0001*	60 > 50 > 40 > 30 > control groups
pH values of immersed solution after thermal cycling	<0.0001*	60 > 50 > 40 > 30 > control groups
Testing group comparisons of DTS before and after thermal cycling	<0.0001*	a30 = a40 = b30 > a50 = a60 > b40 > b50 > b60^#
Testing group comparisons of modulus before and after thermal cycling procedures	<0.0001*	a60 > a50 > a40 = b60 > a30 > b50 > b40 > b30^#

#a: after thermal cycling; b: before thermal cycling. *Groups are significantly different at 𝑃<0.05.